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Alternative Title: Robert Lee Frost Robert Frost, in full Robert Lee Frost, (born March 26, 1874, San Francisco, California, U.S.—died January 29, 1963, Boston, Massachusetts), American poet who was much admired for his depictions of the rural life of New England, his command of American colloquial speech, and his realistic verse portraying ordinary people in everyday situations. Frost’s father, William Prescott Frost, Jr., was a journalist with ambitions of establishing a career in California, and in 1873 he and his wife moved to San Francisco. Her husband’s untimely death from tuberculosis in 1885 prompted Isabelle Moodie Frost to take her two children, Robert and Jeanie, (100 of 2087 words).

Triumph by, depicting the Sher-Dor in. Along with, Samarkand is one of the in, prospering from its location on the trade route between China and the Mediterranean (). Archeological excavations held within the city limits (Syob and midtown) as well as suburban areas (Hojamazgil, Sazag'on) unearthed forty-thousand-year-old evidence of human activity, dating back to the Late era. A group of era (12th–7th millennium BC) archeological sites were discovered at Sazag'on-1, Zamichatosh and Okhalik (suburbs of the city).

The Syob and Darg'om canals, supplying the city and its suburbs with water, appeared around the 7th to 5th centuries BC (early ). There is no direct evidence when Samarkand was founded.

Researchers of the Institute of Archeology of Samarkand argue for the existence of the city between the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Samarkand has been one of the main centres of civilization from its early days. By the time of the dynasty of Persia it had become the capital of the Sogdian.

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Hellenistic period [ ] conquered Samarkand in 329 BC. The city was known as Maracanda by the Greeks. Written sources offer small clues as to the subsequent system of government. They tell of an Orepius who became ruler 'not from ancestors, but as a gift of Alexander'. While Samarkand suffered significant damage during Alexander's initial conquest, the city recovered rapidly and flourished under the new Hellenic influence. There were also major new construction techniques; oblong bricks were replaced with square ones and superior methods of masonry and plastering were introduced.

Alexander's conquests introduced classical Greek culture into Central Asia; for a time, Greek aesthetics heavily influenced local artisans. This Hellenistic legacy continued as the city became part of various successor states in the centuries following Alexander's death, i.e. The, and (even though the themselves originated in Central Asia). After the Kushan state lost control of Sogdia, during the 3rd century AD, Samarkand went into decline as a centre of economic, cultural and political power. It did not significantly revive until the 5th century AD. Pre-Mongol period [ ]. Downtown with Bibi-Khanym Mosque in 1990s Samarkand was conquered by the Persian around 260 AD.

Under Sassanian rule, the region became an essential site for, and facilitated the dissemination of the religion throughout Central Asia. After the (Huns) conquered Samarkand, they controlled it until the, in an alliance with the Sassanid Persians, won it at the. The Turks ruled over Samarkand until they were defeated by the during the.

After the, the Turks conquered Samarkand and held it until the Turkic khaganate collapsed due to wars with the Chinese. During this time the city became a protectorate and paid tribute to the ruling Tang.

The armies of the under captured the city in around 710 from Turks. During this period, Samarkand was a diverse religious community and was home to a number of religions, including,,,,. However, after the Arab conquest of Sogdiana, became the dominant religion, with much of the population converting. Legend has it that during rule, the secret of was obtained from two prisoners from the in 751, which led to the foundation of the first of the Islamic world in Samarkand. The invention then spread to the rest of the Islamic world, and from there to Europe. Abbasid control of Samarkand soon dissipated and was replaced with that of the (862–999), though it must be noted that the Samanids were still nominal vassals of the Caliph during their control of Samarkand. Under Samanid rule the city became one of the capitals of the Samanid dynasty and an even more important link amongst numerous trade routes.

The Samanids were overthrown by the around 1000. During the next two hundred years, Samarkand would be ruled by a succession of Turkic tribes, including the and the -Shahs. The 10th-century Iranian author Istakhri, who travelled in, provides a vivid description of the natural riches of the region he calls 'Smarkandian Sogd': I know no place in it or in Samarkand itself where if one ascends some elevated ground one does not see greenery and a pleasant place, and nowhere near it are mountains lacking in trees or a dusty steppe. Samakandian Sogd. [extends] eight days travel through unbroken greenery and gardens. The greenery of the trees and sown land extends along both sides of the river [Sogd].

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